Zechariah Is The Doctrine Of End Times - 1213 Words

One of the major themes of the book of Zechariah is Old Testament Eschatology. Eschatology is the doctrine of end times, or the study of last things. Zechariah’s message is divided into three main sections. The first section, chapters 1-8, is considered apocalyptic and is filled with eight visions succeeding one another in one night.The second section, chapters 7-8, delivered two years later, are an answer to the question whether the days of fasting and mourning for the destruction of the city should be kept any longer, and an assurance to the people of God s presence and blessing. The third and final section, chapters 9-14, consists of two oracles. The first oracle (9-11) addresses God s dealings with His people. The second oracle (12–14) points out the final conflict and triumph of God s kingdom. In the first section, Zechariah details a series of eight supernatural visions the Lord reveals to Him. These visions are apocalyptic in nature and are communicated to encourage the people to finish rebuilding the Temple, which at that point was five months into reconstruction. These visions are given to relay hope for the people’s future and the future of the city of the Temple, Jerusalem. The first vision (1:7-17) consists of four angelic riders on four horses of various colors. The angelic rider on the red horse dismounts his horse in the middle of a grove of myrtle trees. Zechariah asks the meaning of this vision and the angel of the Lord responds. The horses and ridersShow MoreRelatedThomas Langford s Central Doctrines Of The Christian Faith960 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Langford describes central doctrines of the Christian faith with one of them being that we confess that the reign (kingdom) of God is both a present and future reality. In the Old Testament, God s king dom is portrayed as a place where the Lord rules over all. Many of the prophets talked of a time where peace and justice under God would never end (Isaiah 2:4, Daniel 7:14, Zechariah 14:9). In the New Testament, Jesus talked frequently about the kingdom in ways that show it is here now,Read MoreWomen During The Babylonian Exile1722 Words   |  7 Pagesother Gospels. The Gospel begins with an angel coming to Zechariah and proclaiming that Elizabeth, his wife, is with child. Because Zechariah did not seem to believe the angel, he became mute. Elizabeth on the other hand accepted what God had in mind for her. At the time, it was a blessing for a woman to have a child; it was considered a dishonor if a woman could not bear a child. Therefore, Elizabeth said â€Å"So has the Lord done for me at a time when he has seen fit to take away my disgrace before othersRead MoreThe Holy Bible3417 Words   |  14 Pagesmost important and intimate relationship we could ever have and is only possible when we fully understand the attributes of the three distinct Personalities of the Trinity and how they act together as the one, true God. Effectively investigating the doctrine of the Trinity versus relying on our interpretation is a fundamental contrast to flesh out within the context of this paper. As God’s creation, our understanding of Him can only be minimal. Ormerod has declared, â€Å". . . a clear distinction betweenRead MoreCanonization of Scripture (How the Bible Was Compiled?)1577 Words   |  7 PagesI chose this topic because it is one of the hardest things for me to accept concerning â€Å"religion† in general. The mere fact that the individual writings are written by human men â€Å"under the inspiration of God† just bothers me to no end. Knowing the imperfections of man, and how things always get twisted, embellished, misinterpreted, and/or generally made more grandiose than originally told has always made me wonder: What were God’s original thoughts and meanings on any particular subject? What hasRead MoreThe Human Nature Of Consciousness Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesm easured. Human existence has transcended from being a simple organism living with survival instincts: hunting and gathering food for our kin, to working boring jobs to feed the family and to have just enough leisurely time to assure yourself not to jump off the nearest building to end it all. The question is - can an organism become complex enough to consciously choose what they believe is morally right with free will. Do we live for others or ourselves? Does consciousness actually exist and how doRead MoreBible Summary2905 Words   |  12 Pagesand man. The first half of the book also covers the early history of man, the story of Noah and the Flood, and the Tower of Babel. The second half of the book is about the Patriarchs of Gods chosen people ... from Abraham to Isaac to Jacob. It ends with the story of Joseph and the Israelites moving to Egypt. Exodus - Enslaved in Egypt for about 400 years, the Israelites call out to God for help. God brings up Moses, who delivers the people out of bondage. The travel to Mt. Sinai, where MosesRead MoreThe Fulfillment of the Day of the Lord Essay5829 Words   |  24 Pages(Ê ½ebrà ¢ or getsep), anger (Ì“ap), fierce anger (Charà ´n Ì“ap), jealously (qinÊ ¼Ãƒ ¢), rage (chÄ“mà ¢), and indignation (â ± ¬aÊ ½ am). The negative aspects of the Day of the Lord inundate Scripture: Ezekiel says that it is a day of panic and not joyful shouting; Zechariah says that Yahweh shall fall on them; Joel, Zephaniah, and Malachi call for a day of wrath or anger; Isaiah says that people will wail because the Day is near; Ezekiel declares â€Å"Behold, the day! Behold, it has come†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that the day would be accompaniedRead MoreJudaism and Christianity Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesIn righteousness#8230;Isaiah 11:1-5 At Gods appointed time#8230;Ezekiel 21:27 Will endure forever#8230;Daniel 2:44 Born in Bethlehem#8230;Micah 5:2,3 He is coming#8230;Malachi 3:1-5 Christs right to rule, determined by: Divine decree#8230;Psalm 2:6,7 Prophecy#8230;Psalm 45:6,7 Birth#8230;Isaiah 9:6-7 Being seated at Gods right hand#8230;Psalm 16:8-11, Psalm 110:1,2, Acts 2:34-36 Crowning#8230;Zechariah 6:11-15 Described as: Eternal#8230;Revelation 11:15 Read MoreThe Creation Of The Messiah2190 Words   |  9 Pagesessentially only a man, and a great prophet. The main difference between Christianity and Islam is centered on the person of the Messiah, Jesus Christ, from Nazareth. Christians relate to Jesus of Nazareth â€Å" the eternal Son of God, born before all time, in Him all things were made, that are made. Jesus did not get acceptance from the Jews because he did not fit the role of the Messiah. Christian belief is that Jesus was crucified; died; was buried; and God raised Him on the third day from the deadRead MoreChristian Theology And The Biblical View Of Special Revelation1961 Words   |  8 Pagesissues (tribulations) as part of the Great Tribulation. Believing a child of God has to endure the same judgements as a non-believe. Ladies and Gentleman that is a lie. However, there is a parallel that is taking place here as in Daniel, yet it is in Zechariah 6:1-8 (KJV) In the book of Zech. 6:1-8 (KJV) there are four horsemen(chariots) the exact color as the first four seals, the difference is that these four horsemen(chariots) are to patrol the earth, i.e. famine, disease, death and war all of which

Essay about Public Schools Plagued by Overcrowding

With people moving in the cities, overcrowdedness has become a major issue for the public city school system. People often thought of cities as places paved with gold and opportunities, occupied by diverse groups. Everyone comes from different parts of the world chasing after its glamour and freedom. While those desires can be met with settling in urban society, overcrowdedness in Queens of New York City schools have adverse effects on the students’ academic performance. In cities, we often hear people complain about overcrowdedness, especially around public spaces. But, what do people mean when they say, â€Å"It is ridiculous how overcrowded this school is!†? The word is defined as, â€Å"Overcrowding occurs when there is insufficient seating†¦show more content†¦New York City, which is made up of the five boroughs is the most overcrowded city in the country of United States because it has a high density of populations. It is a very busy city with different people with different origins. In addition, from the educational perspective, when we examine schools in New York City, we will find out the evidence of overcrowdedness in city schools. Overcrowdedness in NYC schools occur due to various reasons, some of those are observable reasons but the others traced back to the development of cities. For example, many students want to receive the best possible education to better prepare their future and will apply to the same school with t he good reputation. As a result of everyone wanting to go to the same school, the amount of students admitted will exceed its capacity and thus will cause the problem of having too many students in one limited space. While on the other hand, there could be some historical reasons. Based on the articles, it states, â€Å"New York City experienced high birth rates from the late 1980s into the 1990s as well as increased immigration; both of these factors account for the explosive growth in enrollment through most of the decade with the greatest one year increase of 23,109 students in 1995† (â€Å"Introduction†). With the continued growth of population through increased numbers of newborns and immigrants in our limited resource of land use, the problem of overcrowdedness is inevitable.Show MoreRelatedDesegregation Of Brown V. Board Of Education1530 Words   |  7 PagesCourt case of Brown v. Board of Education. In recent times, in an attempt reduce both overcrowding and s egregation, the NYC Department of Education presented a plan to rezone the Upper West Side. In a similar display of rage as those opposed to Brown v. Board Education demonstrated, parents threatened to take legal action to stop this plan. Parents from the well off neighborhoods were unwilling to give up the schools that they felt entitled to due to their choice of residence, but this came at the costRead MoreThe And The Great Depression1233 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants in the new nation. The living conditions were crowded, people were abused and there was only a few Protestant organizations. In response, Protestants formed organizations to deal with the issues. Besides adopting the YMCA, YWCA and Sunday schools, old camp meetings became an important part of the Protestant religion. Since some Methodist wanted to return to Wesley’s teachings and sanctification, the holiness movement arose. However, as time passed the worship patterns in the holinessRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Family And Family Homelessness1270 Words   |  6 Pageshomelessness is a complex issue that has plagued the United States for decades, it is an issue that can be resolved through a series of steps by educators and the government. This issue is important because family homelessness undermines academic achievement and causes adverse health effects in children. One major negative effect of child homelessness is that it undermines academic achievement. This can be due to a number of circumstances such as, constant school and home movement, lack of funds, healthRead MorePro-Illegal Immigration Paper916 Words   |  4 PagesVanessa Labrada 11/16/11 FYS 138 Professor Lodge The Melting Pot The debate of illegal immigration in the United States is one that is plagued with many details, and one that sparks a huge amount of controversy among politicians and citizens alike. While it is an issue that many argue about, few people are actually knowledgeable about the subject and have facts to back up their opinions. According the Center for Immigration Studies, the â€Å"unauthorized resident immigrant population is definedRead MorePolio : An American Story1378 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Story tells the thrilling tale behind this quest and how society coped with the outbreak. It also demonstrates that despite the publicity it received, polio was actually never actually the major epidemic that the media portrayed it to be and public interest faded soon after the disease was eradicated in the United States. However, there is no denying that the polio crusade of the 1900s changed America forever, socially and politically. Polio burst America’s bubble of prosperity and peace byRead MoreYear Round Education: A Worthwhile Transformation Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pagessummer, the traditional school calendar did serve a purpose. However, lifestyles have radically changed from the times of the countries’ early development, and it is only rational to adopt a school schedule fitting for the times. Despite being labeled the land of opportunity, current U.S. education is plagued with mounting limitations. Due to the economic downturn, education funding is being reduced all across the country. At the same time, schools are suffering from overcrowding and academic achievementRead MoreFactory Farming And Its Effects On The Mass Production Of Animals1670 Words   |  7 Pagesto ignore the risk related to the consumption of low quality food produced by such farms. Regardless of the large quantities of meat produced at minimal cost factory farming is a reckless practice that contributes directly to environmental hazards, public health, and animal cruelty. Factory farming produces some of the worst environmental hazards of our time. The meat industry is responsible for large amounts of uncontrolled toxic waste, most of which ends up in lakes and rivers thus polluting theRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States it consequently threatens communities of color by â€Å"disenfranchising thousands by limiting voting rights and denying equal access to employment, housing, public benefits, and education to millions more (Kerby 2).† Two professors from the University of British Columbia and the University of Michigan Law School, M. Marit Rehavi and Sonja B. Starr recently conducted a study that confirms that Black Americans receive a stricter punishment than White Americans. According to the studyRead MoreThe Treatment Of The Mentally Ill1581 Words   |  7 PagesWe can no longer ignore this on-going age old problem of dealing with the mentally ill by hiding those plagued, away in a prison cell to be forgotten. Despite the success of Dorothea Dix in solving the problems with adverse conditions in the prison system, we have come full circle and are currently back where we started over a century ago. There has been so much focus put on housing the mentally ill, we have all but forgotten about any type of treatment plans to help the overall growing problem.Read MoreThe Privatization Of Prisons During The United States1996 Words   |  8 Pagesactually spending more money on the private facility than the public. T he U.S. General Accounting Office, in 1996, went over five different research studies and came to the conclusion that there was no real evidence that prisons for profit saved the government and the general public money. Private prisons, again which claim to save taxpayers money, show no true evidence that they cost taxpayers less, they are still profiting from the public sector . But other evidence may show that it saves money.

Municipal Solid Waste in Our Locality free essay sample

The area on which the project is based on is Rajpur Sonarpur (Municipality) Ward No. 13 in South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, Pin 700150. Rajpur Sonarpur is a city and a municipality under Sonarpur police station of Baruipur subdivision in South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. While they form a common municipality, both the places are also identified individually. The Ward 13 is located at 22. 43 °N 88. 42 °E It has an average elevation of 9 m (30 ft). It is an urban area with population involved in service and business. As per municipality data, the ward consists of 2384 households. The total population is 10527 among which 5421 are male and 5106 are female. The map is shown below : Page |7 Abstract Solid waste management is an important social problem throughout the world. In India it takes the shape of alarming dimension which has to be addressed urgently. It includes the collection and disposal of garbage, or municipal solid waste, compounded by increasing consumption levels. Among the solid waste generated in Indian cities, Kolkata’s position is second. The problem of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) also exists in the urban environment of Sonarpur. Therefore the present study was taken to find out the problems and prospects of Municipal solid waste in this area. A detailed investigation was made comprising the methods of practices associated with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of Municipal solid waste in Sonarpur. The relevant data of SWM in Sonarpur was obtained through questionnaire, individual field visit, interacting with people and bona fide record of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality. Solid waste management is one among the fundamental and essential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to keep urban centers clean. With the ever increasing demand of electricity on one hand and the waste disposal problem on the other hand, the power generation from MSW offers the best solution for both the problems. Statement of the Problem Solid waste management has always been a serious problem for cities throughout the world. Municipal solid waste (MSW) comprises of domestic wastes and commercial wastes collected within an area. MSW includes biodegradable waste, recyclable material, inert waste and hazardous waste. With the increasing rate of MSW generation many Asian cities are finding it a great menace to deal with. Page |8 Significance of Solid Waste Management Modern civilization has brought a lot of luxuries and conveniences to our lives. However, with all of the amenities that modern life brings us, they also cause us to contribute to producing a large quantity of trash that needs to be taken care of. Fortunately, there’s the field of solid waste management, and it is with that Solid Waste Management that modern lives are enjoyable without the disturbance or refuse. Solid waste management is an integral element of modern society. Even if we don’t get to see what goes on at the facilities and plants that process and dispose of garbage, it still contributes to the well-being of our lives. There are many ways in which solid waste can be treated, and thanks to modernized practices and technological advancement, these methods are very safe and practical. What is Solid Waste ? Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities, but does not include solid or dissolved materials in domestic sewage, or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges. Waste Management: this is the collection, transport, processing, managing and monitoring of waste materials. 2. Household Garbage: commonly known as trash or rubbish, is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard. It predominantly includes food waste yard waste and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from industrial sources.  residential, commercial, institutional and 3. Natural Environment: this encompasses all living and non-living things occurring in nature on earth or some region thereof. 4. Composting: this is the aerobic decomposition of biodegradable organic matter producing compost. 5. Recycling: this is processing used materials (wastes) into new products to prevent waste. 6. Reuse: this is to use again especially in a different way or after reclaiming or reprocessing. 7. Segregation : Waste Segregations is sorting of waste from degradable to non-degradable. Which also means division of waste into dry(paper, glass, tin cans, cardboard) and wet( vegetable peels, left-over food) waste. 1. Incineration plants : This process of burning waste in large furnaces is known as incineration. P a g e | 33 Conclusions This survey project has being able to provide an indication of the current household solid waste management in our locality by focusing on the residents surrounding as a case study. The residents are generally concerned about the environment but are not doing enough to reduce, recycle and reuse the household garbage they generate. It is clear from their responses that they are ready to help fix the garbage problem if given the appropriate support from the local government as have been identified in this survey report. The natural environment requires protection in order to remain healthy for all of its inhabitants. To protect and bring about a healthy and sustainable environment requires the collective efforts of the public, the environmental health authorities and the private sector. Let us all remember these three big words about ‘waste’: REDUCE, RECYCLE, REUSE. Thank you

Western Civilization Essay Example For Students

Western Civilization Essay Nationalism-a deep devotion to ones country shared a group of people with the same beliefs, such as language, religion, traditions, and political philosophy. 1st paragraph what it is and how it has effected countries in Europe. 2nd how it has shaped Germany, Italy, Greece, and Hungry3rd fall of Ottoman Empire (why the Ottoman Empire was called the sick man)4th Austrian Empire 5th good and bad forces (what did I learn) Nationalism is a deep devotion to your country. It has been used by Leaders to bring people together to overthrow governments. It started after the French revolution. It spread through Europe and beyond It has made and changed national boundaries. Nationalism changed the Ottoman, Austrian and Russian empires. Peoples from these Eastern European empires learned of western nationalism. It encouraged them to take pride in their heritage and to seek independence. We will write a custom essay on Western Civilization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nationalism was used to unite the German states. Unification came about the effort through Otto Von Bismarck. As Prime Minister of Prussia he united the 25 German states and weakened Austrias influence. He helped shape what later became modern Germany. Italy was dominated by foreign rule until Italian leaders used nationalism to bring their people together and get rid of the foreign powers. Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire until it gained it independence when the empire started losing its control over its territories. Hungry broke away from the Austrian Empire after the unification of Italy and Germany weakened the Austrian Empire. The Ottoman Empire was losing control of its territories and became known as the sick man of Europe. It was called the sick man of Europe because of its fading powers and the fact that it was an easy target for its neighbors. Egypt and Greece won its independence Serbia gained self-rule. The Slavic people of the Balkans Revolted. Nationalism ultimately broke up the Ottoman Empire. Austria lost two wars and gave up control of two territories. Nationalism chipped away at Austrian power. After Austrias defeat by Prussia it became a dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Serbia encouraged nationalistic movement of the Bosnians, Croats, and Slovenes, which brought the Austrian Empire down.

Posse Comitatus Act and the US Military on the Border

Posse Comitatus Act and the US Military on the Border On April 3, 2018, President Donald Trump proposed that U.S. military troops be deployed along the United States border with Mexico to help control illegal immigration and maintain civil order during construction of the secure, border-length fence recently funded by Congress. The proposal brought questions of its legality under the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act. However, in 2006 and again in 2010, Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama took similar actions. In May 2006, President George W. Bush, in Operation Jumpstart, ordered up to 6,000 National Guard troops to the states along the Mexican border to support the Border Patrol in controlling illegal immigration and related criminal activities on U.S. soil. On July 19, 2010, President Obama ordered an additional 1,200 Guard troops to the southern border. While this buildup was  substantial and controversial, it did not require Obama to suspend the Posse Comitatus Act. The Posse Comitatus Act limits the Guard troops to acting only in support of the U.S. Border Patrol, and state and local law enforcement officers. Posse Comitatus and Martial Law The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 prohibits the use of U.S. military forces to perform the tasks of civilian law enforcement such as arrest, apprehension, interrogation, and detention unless explicitly authorized by Congress. The Posse Comitatus Act, signed into law by President Rutherford B. Hayes on June 18, 1878, limits the power of the federal government in the use of federal military personnel to enforce U.S. laws and domestic policies within the borders of the United States. The law was passed as an amendment to an army appropriation bill following the end of Reconstruction and was subsequently amended in 1956 and 1981. As originally enacted in 1878, the Posse Comitatus Act applied only to the U.S. Army but was amended in 1956 to include the Air Force. In addition, the Department of the Navy has enacted regulations intended to apply the Posse Comitatus Act restrictions to the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The Posse Comitatus Act does not apply to the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard when acting in a law enforcement capacity within its own state when ordered by the governor of that state or in an adjacent state if invited by that state’s governor. Operating under the Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Coast Guard is not covered by the Posse Comitatus Act. While the Coast Guard is an â€Å"armed service,† it also has both a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency mission. The Posse Comitatus Act was originally enacted due to the feeling of many members of Congress at the time that President Abraham Lincoln had exceeded his authority during the Civil War by suspending habeas corpus and creating military courts with jurisdiction over civilians. It should be noted that the Posse Comitatus Act greatly limits, but does not eliminate the power of the President of the United States to declare martial law, the assumption of all civilian police powers by the military. The president, under his or her constitutional powers to put down insurrection, rebellion, or invasion, may declare martial law when local law enforcement and court systems have ceased to function. For example, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, President Roosevelt declared martial law in Hawaii at the request of the territorial governor. What the National Guard Can Do on the Border The Posse Comitatus Act and subsequent legislation specifically prohibit the use of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marines to enforce the domestic laws of the United States except when expressly authorized by the Constitution or Congress. Since it enforces maritime safety, environmental and trade laws, the Coast Guard is exempt from the Posse Comitatus Act. While Posse Comitatus does not specifically apply to the actions of the National Guard, National Guard regulations stipulate that its troops, unless authorized by Congress, are not to take part in typical law enforcement actions including arrests, searches of suspects or the public, or evidence handling. What the National Guard Cannot Do on the Border Operating within the limitations of the Posse Comitatus Act, and as acknowledged by the Obama administration, National Guard troops deployed to the Mexican Border States should, as directed by the states governors, support the Border Patrol and state and local law enforcement agencies by providing surveillance, intelligence gathering, and reconnaissance support. In addition, the troops will assist with counternarcotics enforcement duties until additional Border Patrol agents are trained and in place. The Guard troops may also assist in the construction of roads, fences, surveillance towers and vehicle barriers necessary to prevent illegal border crossings. Under the Defense Authorization Act for FY2007 (H.R. 5122), the Secretary of Defense, upon a request from the Secretary of Homeland Security, can also assist in preventing terrorists, drug traffickers, and illegal aliens from entering the United States. Where Congress Stands On the Posse Comitatus Act On Oct. 25, 2005, the House of Representatives and Senate enacted a joint resolution (H. CON. RES. 274) clarifying Congress stance on the effect of the Posse Comitatus Act on the use of the military on U.S. soil. In part, the resolution states by its express terms, the Posse Comitatus Act is not a complete barrier to the use of the Armed Forces for a range of domestic purposes, including law enforcement functions, when the use of the Armed Forces is authorized by Act of Congress or the President determines that the use of the Armed Forces is required to fulfill the Presidents obligations under the Constitution to respond promptly in time of war, insurrection, or other serious emergency.

What Attracts Readers First to a Book

What Attracts Readers First to a Book I recently posted a Facebook question to 5,000 followers and asked the question: What is the first criteria in your choice of reading material: author, genre, or reputation of the review source? The results werent even close. Out of almost 200 responses, the results were these: Genre = 60% Author = 25% Review = 2% Equally all three = 2% Other = 11% OTHER meant people didnt choose via author, genre or review, and instead chose As for me? Definitely genre first, then author. I will resort to looking at reviews once Im pondering the choice. This simple survey shows that you need to understand your product and market it appropriately. You do not market your book just anywhere, with just anyone. You market it where you think people in your genre will collect, review, and share. Im frequently asked if an author may advertise their book in my newsletters. I refuseunless the book is written directed at writers. Why? Because my readers are writers Theres truth in the mantra know your market. Its how Coke, Nike, and Amazon do so well. You know all those little ads you see on Facebook? Ever marvel how you open a website and they know the last sites where you shopped? Thats marketing to the customer. Thats companies attempting to understand your ways. Thats how you need to think. When you cease writing that book, and its time to market it for sale, stop and contemplate where those readers are. Its why BookBub and Amazon are so darn efficient. They know what you think and put products before your eyes that theyve researched and know you will love. Facebook, blogs, BookBub, any advertising.lead with genre. Stick to genre. Make your ad feel like your genre. Make your website seem like your genre. You can do this.

CORPOATE FINANCIAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CORPOATE FINANCIAL - Essay Example Thus major companies conduct an investigation to discover the actual situation of the company. or ‘Is the profit generated by the company solely based on the sale of its product, or does a part of the profit comes from other sources such as investment in a financial market, or any other source which will not be possible for our company’s board to manage?’ (Hutchison, S., 1968) Well... considering the situation of these two companies at end, basically we have to imagine ourselves to be acquirers and analyze the best price for purchase and the viability of purchase of FKI for Wolseley. So, to be able to do that we will analyze the data of FKI Plc and compare its various figures against our company’s figures, so that we may establish a ratio based comparison between various factors such as Profits, Activity, Liquidity, Gearing ratio, etc. But we will not forget other positive factors such as the growing business in rest of the world, the creditability created by the brand names owned by FKI, and finally the fact that a larger and more renowned company such as Wolseley would definitely create a huge impact on the creditors and other parties (in a positive manner). Well... the current ‘ratio’ indicates that both the companies have a very similar assets and liabilities position, with 1.65 for Wolseley and 1.57 for FKI. Both these companies have their own plus points and loopholes. Overall, Wolseley is 6 times larger in terms of Working capital. But in terms of Net Asset (Total Asset – Total Liabilities) Wolseley has a much higher reserve by superlating FKI by 13 times, this has just doubled if we compare it to the current ratio. Primarily, we have evaluated the company’s balance sheet. According to the balance sheet as provided by the company’s Board of Directors, the situation doesn’t look good in the current year, Fixed and current assets combined have fallen by about 98.7 million pounds, not only that

Budgetary Control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Budgetary Control - Assignment Example Accounting practices such as, budgetary control and performance management prevails within organizations and as such they are part of organization’s wider environment (Scott, 2001). The practice of budgetary control has the potential to create several ways of social and organizational functioning and this practice often goes through certain modifications in response to changes in organizational form and society (Hopwood, 1994). As a consequence of this, budgetary control and performance management practices are by no means stationary phenomena within organizations. These practices that change over time are not homogenous and can take a different shape in response to varying contents, places and times. The management accounting practice of budgetary control and its subsequent use in performance management and reporting are considered to be very important in current business environment (Fowler, 2008). The requirement to adopt such accounting techniques was a tenet in the 90s followed by majority of world organizations. The usage of budgetary control as an accounting practice has evolved since then, precisely because of its significant contribution in the field of organizational performance management (Stieglitz and Heine, 2007). In order to be able to critically evaluate the claim regarding use of budgetary control in performance management, the researcher will have to conduct a thorough review of empirical literatures, encompassing each and every aspect of budgetary control with an aim to establish a relationship between budgetary control and performance management. It is widely known that resources of an organization need to be efficiently and effectively managed in order to achieve organizational objectives. This implies that organizations must have the ability to achieve its objectives by adopting cost effective strategies. Thus, management of performance requires coordination and control of the efforts made by an

Digital Libraries Essay Example for Free

Digital Libraries Essay Ashley Tipton Digital Libraries Introduction A simple definition of a digital library is a library where collections are stored in digital formats instead of physical formats and accessible via computers. The content can then be accessed locally, as in within a library, or remotely such as from other places on a college campus or from a users home. Many people believe that digital libraries are the future. There are also those that still hold on to the thought that the traditional brick and mortar building is the way a library is supposed to be and that moving to the digital real is not the direction a library should be heading. History The information revolution is one of the marvels of the 20th century. We are now living in an information society where almost everyone around us has a computer, a smartphone, and is connected to the Internet. As our society has become more and more connected, libraries have also started to become more digitized. Library automation came into popularity in the early 1950s. It started with punched card applications to library technical services operations. In 1965, Licklider coined the phrase â€Å"library of the future† to refer to his vision of a fully computer-based library and then in 1978, F.W. Lancaster wrote of the â€Å"paperless library† (Harter, 1996). Other terms later on that were used to describe the library of the future were â€Å"electronic library,† â€Å"virtual library,† â€Å"library without walls,† and â€Å"bionic library† (Harter, 1996). The term â€Å"digital library† came to be from the Digital Libraries Initiative. In 1994, six universities in the United States were granted 24 million dollars for digital library research. This was brought on by the sudden boom of the Internet. â€Å"Digital library† is the name that was most widely adopted by academics, researchers, and librarians and is used to describe the process of digitizing information resources. Digitization According to Ram Nath Maurya, there is a stress for three things in the digital world (Maurya, 2011): †¢ Awareness of information which gives the breath of vision. †¢ †¢ Awareness of technology which gives the power to make the visions manifest. Awareness of needs provide the insight to use professional skills and talents to greater effect. The meaning of this is that it is important for the user to have information that is easily locatable and easily accessible. Nowadays, library patrons have become information conscious and no longer want to wait and go to the library to find what they need. They want to access it access the information electronically. The process of digitizing implies the production of a digital surrogate for a physical object (Unsworth, 2004). There are many different items in libraries that are digitized. This ranges from serials that can be found either in print or online to rare books and archives that are now being preserved in a digital format. There are many positive outcomes that come from digitizing parts of a librarys collection. There is less cost in reshelving the item. The item is simultaneously available to multiple users. The item does not have to be replaced, since it is not being used and there is no chance of it being lost. Also, if it is a rare item, it can be preserved more easily as it will be less frequently handled. Why Go Digital? The most valuable aspect of the digital library is its reduction in cost. There are many fees that are negated such as staff pay, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. This makes the cost of the digital library much less to maintain than that of a traditional library. Also, increased reduction in the use of paper has a positive impact on the environment. Environmental scientists all over the world favor digital libraries to help reduce paper usage. Libraries that have a digital presence can be reached all over the world, thus allowing the library to have a far greater audience beyond their local community. Their collection can be shared and accessed from anywhere. As distance education becomes more popular, it is even more important for libraries to have an online presence. Students who might not be able to physically access their school librarys collection can instead find what they need on their website. Many libraries are offering a vary large amount of databases containing full-text journals and also electronic books. The interlibrary loan program allows students to order books from their own school and other libraries without leaving their home. The role of the librarian in a digital library is still vastly important. They are needed to package and repackage information. Librarians set up the proxies and open-URLs. They do electronic publishing, provide reference instruction, and teach patrons how to use electronic resources. Also, there is always more information that needs to be digitized. Disadvantages of Digital Libraries There are many threats to the nature of digital libraries. Computer viruses are a danger if libraries are not careful to protect their hardware and software. Also, the high initial cost of infrastructure such as the hardware, software, network, and IT professionals can be a downside and then also the cost to maintain and upgrade when needed. Standardization is another issue that libraries can face when moving to a digital format. Each library is different and therefore it is extremely likely that each library will have a very different way of digitizing their collection and presenting their information online. Another potential problem is copyright. Digital libraries have to find a way to properly distribute information without violating copyright law. The copyright of the author has to be protected as items are digitized and put into an online collection. Future of Digital Libraries The future trend for libraries is to keep moving toward a digital format. Daniel Akst, the author of The Webster Chronicle, sums it up in one simple statement: â€Å"the future of libraries-and of information-is digital. † He states, â€Å"All the problems associated with digital libraries are wrapped up in archiving,† and goes on to state, â€Å"if in 100 years people can still read your article, we’ll have solved the problem†. Computer storage continues to grow at an exponential rate and the cost keeps going down. It is believed that eventually, given the current advancement of technology, a person will be able to virtually access all recorded information. There are many large scale digitization projects underway at places such as Google, the Million Book Project, and Internet Archive. The technology behind scanners and the digitization techniques also keeps improving. There have been recent advancements in how books are handled and presentation technologies such as optical character recognition. Libraries will continue to become more equipped to digitize their own collections and share them with the world. Bibliography Akst, Daniel. The Webster Chronicle. New York: Bluehen, 2002. Print. Harter, S. (1996, September). What is a digital library? definitions, content, and issues. A paper presented at KOLISS DL 96: international conference on digital libraries and information services for the 21st century, Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from http://php. indiana. edu/~harter/koreapaper. htm Lagoze, C. , Krafft, D. , Payette, S. , Jesuroga, S. (2005). What is a digital library anymore, anyway?. D-Lib Magazine, 11(11), Retrieved from http://www. dlib. org/dlib/november05/lagoze/11lagoze. html Maurya, R. (2011). Digital library and digitization. International Journal of Information Dissemination Technology. , 1(4), 228-331. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. proxy. lib. fsu. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=7hid=9[emailprotected] Unsworth, J. (2004, May 17). The value of digitization for libraries and humanities scholarship. Retrieved from http://people. lis. illinois. edu/~unsworth/newberry. 04. htmlÃ'Ž

History of FedEx Essay examples -- Deliver History FedEx Historical Es

History of FedEx How â€Å"Absolutely, Positively Overnight!† Came To Be Mark Twain once said, â€Å"The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds†. This phrase could be applied to Fred Smith and Federal Express. From their beginnings in Little Rock, Arkansas in the early 70’s delivering 186 packages overnight to 25 U.S. cities, to three decades later parlaying it’s $20 billion dollar corporation into no less than five major operation companies. FedEx has become the world’s leader in global express transportation, providing fast delivery of documents, packages and freight shipments worldwide. As a result, the name â€Å"Fed Ex† is used in much the same manner as name â€Å"Band Aid† has today. Many use this term generically meaning all forms of overnight or rapid delivery systems. The powerful FedEx brand and the ever-familiar purple, orange and white colored letters are a welcome sight as deadlines near. History of Moving Freight – The mail actually saved the future of passenger flight, but ironically outgrew it and needed its own logistical changes. Fledging airmail service started in the U.S in 1918. The Post Office began regular delivery service between New York and Washington D.C., totaling a distance of 218 miles, using four U.S. Army Curtiss Jenny’s in which about 140 pounds of mail could be loaded into the front cockpits. Although before that, Aeromarine Airways flew passengers, airmail, and freight between Key West and Havana in November 1919 (Air Trans 95,105,319). The regular handling of larger packages did not occur until later on in the 1920’s. In those days, and for obvious reasons, air mail was considered pretty much a â€Å"suicide club† due to the lack of proper equipment, established airways and related equipment. Thus, the pioneers of early airmail routes must be credited for their efforts, as they established through their sacrifices, the foundation upon which commercial air transportation was built. The honor of being the first air freight operator would probably have to go to Henry Ford, who at the time owned Ford Air Transport and was just as well known in aviation as in the automobile industry. The first original all-cargo air carriers were Slick Airways, United States Airlines, the Flying Tiger Line, and Air News. All were certified in 1949, but most were gone within a 5-year period (Air Trans 323). Comme... ... air fleet and gives FE the right to place more than 10,000 of its drop boxes in post offices across the country. But this does little to address the Memphis-based carrier’s bigger problems: UPS, which has been winning market share from FE in e-commerce shipments (Internet). The Future What customers and companies are looking for already, is a way to ship packages without going through several steps, and be able to track â€Å"real-time† the shipping data. Fed Ex’s new data tracking network rolling out soon, should do the trick. The bottom line is that FedEx continues to deliver. They gave birth to the modern air/ground express industry with hard work and ingenuity, and they will continue to lead the way into the future. Work Cited About FedEX. http://www .fedex.com/us/about/express (4/29/01). Holmes, Robert B. Air Mail. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc./Publishers, 1981. Kane, Robert M. Air Transportation. Kendall/Hunt Publishing. Debuque, Iowa, 1999. Sigafoos, Robert A. and Roger R. Easson. Absolutely Positively Overnight. St Lukes Press, Memphis, 1988. Trimble, Vance, and Sam Walton. Overnight Success. Crown Publishers, Inc. New York, 1993.

English Language Teaching in Gulf Essay

Zafar Syed’s assertions about the TESOL challenges in Gulf are subjective reflection over the issue and he is unable to provide any verified or verifiable data and findings. He places all responsibility on the structural constraints i. e. contextual framework, human resource development, system and standards, and research and knowledge and paid less heed to other relevant and important dimension f the TESOL i. e. the constraints on the art of the students. He relies too much on the secondary sources but those secondary sources are also related to education and teaching general and has taken into consideration English language teaching particularly. To some extent citation of these secondary resources is relevant e. g. citation of Mograby to provides facts and figures about the unprecedented quantitative growth in education in UAE . (338) He then generalizes that this unprecedented growth has adverse effect on the teaching of Language. He describes that this unchecked growth impacted the planning and implementation of English teaching patterns and policies. (338) In the following paragraph, he is unable to support he preposition by any solid line of arguments, research study or verifiable facts and figures. He is unable to demonstrate that how this rapid growth in education industry has affected the teaching of language. It is more important to provide a socio-cultural context as well that deter or propel the teaching and learning of a language. He describes that â€Å"local students see no concrete link between English ability and communicative requirements†. Mr. Syed is correct in saying this as communicative important of any language in general and English language in particular is related to exposure of the students to other medium of communications. If the socio-cultural context is conservative and does not allow a student to participate in activities involving other communities and people, he will be unable to use his acquired language capacity and thus will consider it meaning less and futile. This will restrict English language teaching to academic activity only. But Mr. Syed does not provide why such perception is created and this issue can be tackled. The next constraint that Mr. Syed takes into account is human resource development. This part of the study is most powerful and relevant as Mr. syed evaluates the role of English language faculty development and describes an array of issues related to it. He rightly point out the important of the local Arab English language teachers. The pool of English language teachers in the whole region are comprised of various expatriates groups that do not possess enough knowledge â€Å"about the local socio-cultural communities and languages† (339). Syed accurately concludes hat this lack of knowledge about local socio-cultural context breed problems like teacher-students gap and this gap endangers effect English Language teaching. Foreign teachers are not well-capacitated to anticipate and delve deep into the socio-problems of the learners and hence can suggest remedies to these. Grammar Translation Method also requires an understanding of the local language and context in order to effectively implement this methodology. (Chastain, 1971. p. 131) Mr. Syed concludes that this ad-hocism in the hiring of contractual foreign faculty hinders the way to implement a more effective and locally suitable system as these temporary teachers are less motivated to make an in-depth evaluation of the system. Here r. Syed has recognized the sole cause of the problem that triggers a cause and effect phenomenon leading to the deterioration of the English Language teaching system in Gulf. Only a motivated and well-informed teachers can recognize the contextual important and shortcomings of language teaching and hence can formulate policies to reduce or eradicate these contextual barriers. Mr Syed has further taken in to consideration the systems and standards but he is unable to realize that only senior and seasoned English language teachers and professors can help designing and executing a viable system and standard for English language teaching. It is not something independent in itself. He emphasizes on the importance of research but it must be noted that research only come through established systems and qualified academia. So first there is dire need to develop faculty and establish a contextually modified system of instructions. This will ultimately lead the faculty to conduct research on appropriate issues pertaining to every facets of English language teaching. Despite various defects in his theoretical framework, he provides some excellent insights into Gulf English language teaching. In addition to his content, he had certain serious flaws in the style of his expression. He only comments on a specific issue briefly and then goes on to comment on another challenges faced by the English Language Teaching without elaborating the first one. The very first sentence of the study indicates that it has nothing to do with primary research as conducting interview of the ESL teachers to locate the challenges faced by them. Further, Syed has limited his study to UAE with a little reference to Saudi Arabia here and there. So this not only limits the scope of the study but indicates that relying on a particular country in the region, generalizations have been made about the whole region. Chastain, Kenneth. The Development of Modern Language Skills: Theory to Practice. Philadelphia: Center for Curriculum Development, 1971.

Consider Shakespeare’s presentation of Portia in “The Merchant of Venice”

â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† is believed to have been written in the 16th century and it is to a large extent reflective of England at the time, which was a patriarchal society. Portia’s character embodies the characteristics of an ideal woman at the time that arguably defers to her father and eventually her husband. However, as the play advances we see a different side of Portia.Shakespeare introduces her character in a very conventional way. He uses Bassanio as a device for introducing the character of Portia. The audience is treated to Bassanio’s perception of Portia. It is through him the audience forms an impression of Portia, with the aid of his effective use of imagery. Bassanio begins with: â€Å"In Belmont there is a lady richly left,And she’s fair, and – fairer than that word – Of wondrous virtues.†To get a clearer picture of who Portia is from Bassiano’s perspective, we consider his choice of words in his description . For example, â€Å"Richly left† – her wealth is the first quality the audience learns about before we hear of her beauty as well as her virtues. The adjective â€Å"fair† and the use of the comparative form â€Å"fairer† in the same line gives the impression that she is stunning. In addition to that, â€Å"wondrous† which qualifies her virtues portrays that she is of impeccable character. Bassanio’s speech foregrounds the idea that a woman’s wealth, fairness and virtues are the qualities men looked for in women at the time.Bassanio then finally formally introduces her to the audience: â€Å"Her name is Portia, nothing undervaluedTo Cato’s daughter, Brutus’ Portia. Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth†A modern day audience is able to instantly see clearly that women are assigned second-class status, because Bassanio describes her as though she is defined by her relationship with Cato (in this case her daug hter). His reference to her as Brutus’ Portia helps the audience get a feel of what she  is really like, as Shakespeare brings the characters of Brutus and Portia from Julius Caesar, which the audience is most likely familiar with.Portia in Julius Caesar starts out as a devoted wife but as the play progresses shows steadiness as well as masculinity and in fact her character echoes Queen Elizabeth who famously said â€Å"I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king† – these are qualities Portia exemplifies in The Merchant of Venice as well. â€Å"Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth† informs the audience that everybody acknowledges that she is a catch and she is in fact many men’s dream wife, which lays emphasis on her fairness and virtues. In addition to this he says: â€Å"Renowned suitors, and her sunny locksHang on her temples like a golden fleece, Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchos ’ strand, And many Jasons come in quest of her†Here Bassanio uses classical mythology to qualify. In one of the oldest quest stories, Jason led a party of Greek heroes called the Argonatus through many hazards in order to bring back the Golden Fleece from the shores of Colchis on the Black Sea. His intriguing use of metaphors and simile highlights how there are many men after her.Finally, we meet Portia in the next scene, where her first line is: â€Å"By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is aweary of the great world† This echoes Antonio’s opening line of the play, which highlights the point that the world of Belmont – a feminine world- and the world of Venice – a masculine world- are going to be intrinsically linked throughout the play mainly through Portia and Antonio. Portia then informs the audience of the casket test – which is a test her dead father arranged for her husband to be chosen. â€Å"I may neither choose who I marry, n or refuse who I dislike, so is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father.†Portia reiterates Edwin Sandys’s Sermon Sixteen where he insists that children are to accept the advice of their parents in choosing a spouse and in fact concludes that children who marry without the consent of parents are not sanctioned by God. This causes her to carry on her father’s plan even though he is dead. Shakespeare therefore manages to present her as being a dutiful  daughter in addition to being fair and virtuous. In addition to this, Shakespeare portrays Portia as though she is a slave to the casket test because she has no control over whom she marries. This is a conventional portrayal of women and would have been accepted at his time as the thought process of people moved in this direction.We observe that as Nerissa names Portia’s suitors who appear to be coming from all over the world, Portia’s responses, for example: â€Å"I had rathe r be married to a death’s head with a bone in his mouth than to either of these. God defend me of these.† Gives the impression that amidst being virtuous and dutiful she is also selective dismissive and stereotypical. She echoes the anti-Semitism in Venice (Antonio against the Jew, Shylock) through her reaction upon learning of the arrival of the Prince of Morocco: â€Å"†¦If he have the condition of a saint, and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should shrive me than wive me.† Without even meeting him she makes up her mind that she would rather have him for a confessor than a husband because of his skin colour, which she likens to the devil because devils were traditionally black. From this moment on, it is established to the audience that Antonio and Portia are going to be the link between Belmont and Venice.When Bassanio with his train arrives to take the casket test, we get a love scene, which is arguably the best since Romeo and Juliet. Portia who up until this point has been either warily polite or contemptuously dismissive, now displays a turmoil of emotion as she begs Bassanio to delay his choice: â€Å"I pray you tarry, pause a day or twoBefore you hazard, for in choosing wrong I lose your company; therefore forbear a while.†Shakespeare immediately portrays to the audience that Bassanio is Portia’s desired suitor. Portia changes the rhythm of her speech from prose when she was speaking to Morocco to a softer more poetic verse form. Some may assume that she wants to influence his decision while others may see it as her simply wanting to spend quality time with the man she appears to have fallen in love with before the tension of the casket test takes over. As the scene progresses the we catch a glimpse of a flirty side of Portia, when she says  to Bassanio: â€Å"Upon the rack Bassanio? Then confessWhat treason is mingled with your love.† Following this, Portia insists on â€Å"music† repe atedly in her speech which echoes, â€Å"if music be the food of love play on† from the Twelfth Night thus buttressing that she is trying to influence his decision. In the same breath she arguably poetically transforms Bassanio’s choice of the casket: â€Å"Go Hercules!†Hercules, who is a legendary hero, reinforces that she is currently a slave of the casket test and she is imploring him to liberate her from it. At this point, we begin to see Portia attempting to manipulate the situation in order for it to suit her. When Bassanio finally makes the right choice and wins the lottery of the casket test, Shakespeare uses the device of soliloquy: â€Å"I feel too much thy blessing: make it lessFor I fear I surfeit†To allow the audience feel her joy. She immediately submits all that she has to Bassanio by referring to him as â€Å"Lord Bassanio† which again shows that she is indeed dutiful and subservient. She continues to express her elation and in fact begins to refer to herself in third person: â€Å"Happy in this, she is not yet so oldBut she may learn; happier than this, She is not bred so dull but she can learn; Happiest of all is that her gentle spirit†The use of third person distances Portia from the situation and not owning her joy shows that she doesn’t believe how lucky she is and cannot believe the happiness is really hers, which makes the audience able to respond to her ecstasy even more. In addition, the comparative and superlative form of the adjective â€Å"happy† compels the audience to feel and in fact share her joy. Furthermore, she continues to surrender everything to him: â€Å"Commits itself to yours to be directedAs from her lord, her governor, her king. Myself and what is mine, to you and yours Is now converted. But now I was the lord Of this fair mansion, master of my servants, Queen o’er myself; and even now, but now, This house, these servants, and this same myself Are yours, my lord’s.†She now begins to refer to him as not just as her lord but now her king and governor and she hands over all her wealth and material possessions to him. She is now subservient to the patriarchal society. Although at the beginning, her vulnerability caused her to want to challenge the patriarchal society and now love makes her accept it.We then begin to see a Portia of resource and command. As she sends Bassanio quickly to help Antonio: â€Å"O love! Dispatch all business and be gone.†Amidst her resourcefulness, we see her desperation to make him happy. Following this, the first time the audience sees Portia in the masculine world of Venice, disguised as a man in the courtroom scene where she has come to rescue Antonio, after she has been liberated by the casket test. Portia is given the control from the moment of her discreet ceremonial entry into the scene and she manages to retain it till the end of the scene. She shapes the scene into a rhetorical sy mmetry that would have been evident to an Elizabethan audience. Portia unlike the other Christians refers to Shylock like a human being. She attempts to persuade him by insisting â€Å"mercy† is a divine percept of both their religions, when that doesn’t work – she tries to appeal to his financial instincts: â€Å"Take thrice thy money; bid me tear the bond†She makes it obvious that she is acknowledging the bond but in the same breath takes advantage of his known love for money and implores him to have mercy on Antonio and offers him double the money. Despite this, Shylock refuses again, which she manages to respond: â€Å"Have by some surgeon, Shylock, on your charge,To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death†By asking for a doctor to be present she attempts to make Shylock, realise  the inhumane nature of his intentions. Portia is steadily offering Shylock every chance to be merciful. Portia, picking up a reverberation from the world of dall iance with her â€Å"Tarry a little†, steps back into the world of reckoning and authoritatively changes the whole direction of the trial. Overall, Shakespeare presents her as learned, eloquent and confident which is very different to the way she is portrayed – quiet, obedient and submissive prior to this scene. However, it can be argued that because she did it for Bassanio, she is showing her love, subservient and fully committing herself to him and in fact putting into practice the traditional wedding vows even before they’re married.In the fifth and final act, she still expands her freedom, as she grows in authority and dignity, fresh touches of humour enlightening her new traits of courteousness showing. Shakespeare presents her as a woman of perfect simplicity, in her tact especially how she keeps her guest Antonio out of the mock quarrel about the rings even though it is more or less his fault. Her final word of the act, which is â€Å"faithfully†, is reflective of her character throughout the play.To conclude, Shakespeare generally presents her in a positive light not only through her character but also through the ways other characters speak of her. For example when Jessica likens her to being â€Å"heaven on earth† as well as when Lorenzo likens her to a â€Å"god-like amity†. In addition, she is presented as a very interesting and calculating character.

Free Essays on Congo

Amy: Who said animals can’t talk? This gorilla can. Amy is a female gorilla who is able to speak sign language. She was very humanlike, you could see that through her communication with Peter and they way she acted when with other humans. Karen Ross: She is a smart young woman that works for ERTS (Earth Resources Technology Services). She was the supervisor for the ERTS Congo Project, she knew about the latest technology and how to work it. Peter Elliot: A young male doctor that is in love with gorillas. He taught Amy sign language so she could possibly teach other gorillas. He wanted the best for the gorilla instead of the best for himself (he could of sold the gorilla for a lot of money), so he tried to take her to her home (in the Congo). A group of scientists are taking a journey into the Congo in search of black diamonds, in the lost city of Zinj. While they are communicating with co-workers from ERTS back in the U.S. via a satellite camera, the whole team is attacked and killed by some unknown beings. Earth Resources Technology Services (ERTS) sent out a second team to find the others. Due to the limited opportunities to travel within Africa Karen (the leader of the ERTS team) and Peter Elliot cross paths. Peter had scheduled a trip to take Amy (the talking gorilla) back home to the Congo, the Congo also happened to be the location ERTS’s first expedition team was last seen. Karen’s wealthy corporate sponsored team was only allowed to tag along on this trip because Peter’s team did not have enough money to fund the trip. Both teams happened to be traveling to the same place but for different reasons. Once they reached Zinj, they found that it sat on the top of a great volcano. This was not the only discovery they made however, they also found out what had killed the ERTS’s first team. The killers had been a previously unknown breed of gray haired gorillas. The first night there this new team wa... Free Essays on Congo Free Essays on Congo Amy: Who said animals can’t talk? This gorilla can. Amy is a female gorilla who is able to speak sign language. She was very humanlike, you could see that through her communication with Peter and they way she acted when with other humans. Karen Ross: She is a smart young woman that works for ERTS (Earth Resources Technology Services). She was the supervisor for the ERTS Congo Project, she knew about the latest technology and how to work it. Peter Elliot: A young male doctor that is in love with gorillas. He taught Amy sign language so she could possibly teach other gorillas. He wanted the best for the gorilla instead of the best for himself (he could of sold the gorilla for a lot of money), so he tried to take her to her home (in the Congo). A group of scientists are taking a journey into the Congo in search of black diamonds, in the lost city of Zinj. While they are communicating with co-workers from ERTS back in the U.S. via a satellite camera, the whole team is attacked and killed by some unknown beings. Earth Resources Technology Services (ERTS) sent out a second team to find the others. Due to the limited opportunities to travel within Africa Karen (the leader of the ERTS team) and Peter Elliot cross paths. Peter had scheduled a trip to take Amy (the talking gorilla) back home to the Congo, the Congo also happened to be the location ERTS’s first expedition team was last seen. Karen’s wealthy corporate sponsored team was only allowed to tag along on this trip because Peter’s team did not have enough money to fund the trip. Both teams happened to be traveling to the same place but for different reasons. Once they reached Zinj, they found that it sat on the top of a great volcano. This was not the only discovery they made however, they also found out what had killed the ERTS’s first team. The killers had been a previously unknown breed of gray haired gorillas. The first night there this new team wa...

Factors that determine your success as a kid

Factors that determine your success as a kid 13 Things You Need to Be A Successful Kid! Want to be successful and trying to determine some dependencies, which can make you such a person? Or are you a loving parent and want to make everything possible to bring up a prosperous person? Scientists have made thousands of investigations, directed on the examination of parent and children relations, behavior patterns and other facts. There is no doubt that parents and family environment are the determinants for kid’s further life. Children are absorbing all behavior and emotional patterns, so they are like a mirror of their parents. The scientists prove that even small habits and parent’s actions matter for kid’s success. So the most common things, which are characteristic for successful kids are: Doing chores Scientists prove that children, who are made to do chores, are more organized and disciplined. These children are more successful at school than the kids, who do not perform some kind of household duties. When a kid understands that he/she has the range of certain responsibilities, it is easier for them to adapt for educational or real life environment. Sufficient social skills As follows from the scientific research, one more success factor for kids is represented by the social skills, which they have developed due to their parents. If parents have active social positions and have quite a big circle of contacts, their children have all chances to develop their social skills and have more effective results in the communication. Parents with high expectations If parents feel reliance upon their children and plan their college education or carrier, this will motivate their children. In such a way kids make more efforts and feel more responsibility. Indifferent and not caring parents usually have less successful children with poor number of achievements. Healthy relations with parents When parents and children are friends, children have fewer reasons for deviant behavior.   Healthy relations with parents make children happier and more capable to cope with different situations, always feeling the support of their relatives. Parents with higher educational degree If parents have completed education in higher institution, their kids are more likely to do the same. And higher educational degree correspondingly means more chances for success in professional sphere. Scientists assure that the percentage of successful kids with certified parents is distinctively higher. Learning math from early on It was noticed by the meta-analysts, that children, who have background knowledge of numbers and their order, have better study results further. Besides, kids gain high achievements not only in math, but in other subjects and gain reading and writing skills faster. Warm and developed relationships with parents Thus, relationships with parents are the determinative factors for kids’ lives. That is great when kids ask advices, share their problems and have trust-based communication with their parents. Such kind of relations gives confidence and provides a moral support. Less stress The emotional state of parents is absorbed by their kids. So when parents have less stress situations, it is reflected positively on their children. Less stress gives more emotional strength and effectiveness by reaching different goals within the kid’s life. Effort to avoid failure When kids strive to avoid any sort of failures, using their abilities or making efforts to develop new ones, it is great if parents appreciate this. In such a way their parents create an image of persons who achieve success, no matter what failures and misfortunes are on their paths during lives. Working mom If a child has a mom who spends much time working and earning money he or she generates an example of the person who knows the value of a labor. Also such life conditions provide more time for children to develop independence and more â€Å"adultery† view on life from an early age. Higher socioeconomic status No wonder that the higher socioeconomic status of a person is, the more abilities for his or her children are accessible and there are more ways in life to follow. It is sad that people possess different socioeconomic statuses, but anyway, for those who set their goals and try to realize them, there exist no obstacles that can stop them. Authoritative parents Authoritativeness is best for the children bringing-up process. In such a way they learn from their closest people how to behave in a correct way without letting others do inappropriate things and perform not strict, but right control. Learning ‘grit’ â€Å"Grit† is the ability to achieve the goal on long-lasting terms, and if the children possess such a quality, they can more easily and possibly reach their goals, that they set for themselves. This feature is essential for those who want to bring their dreams into reality, no matter what.

ERP Systems For Small And Medium Size Companies Research Paper - 1

ERP Systems For Small And Medium Size Companies - Research Paper Example Additionally, because of globalization an e-commerce arrangement bringing changes rapidly, and small and medium size businesses as well refurbish their industry. Since the sizes of corporations are growing with the passage of time. In this scenario, the traditional business practices would not be helpful for the organizations to adopt these changes as well as the disharmony among business and information systems in their corporation can happen. Thus, at the present, majority of businesses utilize of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems for improving business performance (Park & Lee, 2006) and (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of some of the important aspects of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) technology based platforms for the small and large size business organizations. In this prospect, this research will cover the analysis of various major ERP technologies, their corporate implementation and possible advantages and d isadvantages. This paper will discuss SAP business by design, SAP business One and SAP All-In-One, Oracle’s PeopleSoft and Microsoft ERP system. ERP systems for Small and Medium Size Companies Without adopting ERP technology based arrangements and systems large size corporations cannot survive in today’s ever-increasing competitive world. In fact, ERP technology based systems allow the large scale organizations to work as an enabler instead of a differentiator. Additionally, this difference is apparent in the fraction of big businesses making use of the ERP systems. In view of the fact that in only United States more than 90 % organizations make use of Oracle to manage their business functions. Thus, given the diffusion of ERP marketplace for large scale corporations, adequate client growth in the huge firm marketplace turns out to be minimal for ERP vendors. In this scenario, ERP software suppliers and their business partners are able to generate and uphold revenues b y offering support and upgrades however actual growth is possible by expanding their business into new marketplaces. In addition, with the implementation of ERP software into the business, corporate expansion requires, more and more efficient computing and networking facilities, rising significance of information usage inside companies, and continuously technically trained employees, however, the current ERP systems suppliers are currently focusing sales expansion on the small and middle sized business (SMB) marketplace. On the other hand, at the present, more and more small and middle sized businesses are gaining a competitive and information edge over their competitors by implementing latest ERP systems. Therefore, business sectors suggested by SMB’s have to now recognize the importance of ERP systems as their marketplace landscapes turn out to be growing competitive (Crumley, Fain, & McFadden, 2010). SAP Business One Application The SAP Business One system puts together th e entire fundamental business purposes across the business; comprising sales, financials, inventory, customer relationship management and processes

Globalisation of Logistics & SCM Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Globalisation of Logistics & SCM 2 - Assignment Example This part of the study is focused on the specific logistics features and supply chain factors being planned and implemented in Wales. More specifically, the High Speed Rail (HSR) network’s plan for connecting the UK will be considered in the study and will be analysed by assessing its impact on the economic and corporate scenario of Wales and the UK as a whole.. The relationship between Wales and other big business hubs in the UK and nearby countries is expected to improve with the HSR project. However, some reformers believe that the HSR project may not produce suitable results for the economic growth of Wales (Preston and Wall, 2008). The arguments put forward to the UK parliament by the Cardiff Business Partnership have also reflected some gaps in the HSR project in the context of improving the logistics network of the UK. The transportation planning process in the UK is now being directed towards connecting all the major business hubs and markets of each nation. In this regard, the high-speed rail network was considered by national reformers to be one of the most effective means of reducing the time required for transportation and developing a better network for economic and corporate activities. The project has an estimated budget of  £480 billion and is expected to create around 40,000 jobs in the UK (Parliament UK, 2012). However, according to the Cardiff Business Partnership, the High Speed 2 (HS2) project does not consider the needs of Wales and southwest England. The Partnership has argued that in order to realise the true potential of the HS2 project, the Great Western Main Line (GWML) needs to be upgraded. Furthermore, they believe that Wales should be given a bigger role in the entire project with respect to the needs and requirements of the people of Wales and SW England (Parliament UK, 2 012). A report â€Å"Written evidence

Unit 2 Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 2 Scenario - Essay Example Preferring organic, natural and health foods, Gordon Gourmand however can cater to my choices. Having these options, 3 bags of groceries at a cost of $120 will be bought from Gordon Gourmand. The remaining amount from the budget will be spent in Northern Lake Foodstore and will be more than enough for the same number of bags of groceries costing $75. $5 dollars worth of groceries can also buy a considerable number of goods from the same store. Supposing, my income increases by 20 percent hereby raising my budget for groceries to $250. This change in income will also bring changes in the budget line for groceries. Having more money to cater to my preference of products, instead of just three bags, more groceries, probably 3 bags more will added to the groceries from Gordon Gourmand. These additional bags from the Gordon Gourmand will mean fewer groceries from the other store. My favored groceries from Gordon Gourmand therefore are normal goods. These are basis commodities which are necessary as required by my lifestyle. As the income increases, it is but natural to buy more of such products instead of alternative goods, those from Northern Lake Foodstore. If the price of a bag of groceries at Northern Lake Foodstore decreased to $20 per bag, and assuming that my income did not increase, the bulk of my groceries will be coming from the store. This price change however will not affect my budget line for groceries and surely it does not affect my previous choice of groceries. The 3 bags of preferred groceries will still be from Gordon Gourmand. However since the price of the commodities from Northern Lake Foodstore decreased, instead of just 3 bags of alternative goods, about one more bag of groceries will be bought at the store. Looking at the increase in the number of bags purchased due to the decrease in price, the demand is price elastic. The price

Outdoor Recreation And Leisure Tourism Essay

Outdoor Recreation And Leisure Tourism Essay Outdoor recreation and leisure is very present in the Mauritian context. Being an island, Mauritians as well as tourists try to benefit the most from the unique environment and climate which is ideal for leisure activities (Badat, 2009). As the island offers a wide range of prospects in terms of outdoor recreation, such as trekking, kayaking, snorkeling amongst others, it is a must to experience at least one among them (MTPA, 2011). In this respect, the study selects a particular outdoor recreation and studies the various aspects which are involved within. Aim of study An in depth analysis of Yemaya Adventures Objectives of study To identify the activities provided and its impacts. To identify the marketing strategies of the organization. To find out to which extend the organisation is sustainable To participate in an activity provided by the organization. Methodology With regards to our outdoor recreation project, all start with contacting several leisure providers like Dive Sail Travel, Cap Soleil, Ican Tropic , Yemaya Adventures and so forth. At first, it was quite difficult to contact those companies as it was time consuming, the person in charge was unable to provide us with clear and accurate information and the prices that are charged for those activities were too expensive. Finally, we contacted Yemaya and while dealing with the person we noticed that there was effective communication compared to other organizations and the prices were cheaper. Thus, we decided to go for Yemaya Adventures. Moreover, for our methodology participant observation and interview were used as our research instruments. Participant observation is a very commonly used observation technique (REF ) and in this method, one needs to participate in order to obtain data. Through participant observation one can obtain first-hand data as well as in depth information about the leisure provider. However, it is very time consuming. We also interviewed the manager of Yemaya Adventures, Mr Patrick Haberland and this enables us to know about the organisations other activities that they provide, how they market their organization and what is more crucial is to what extent the activities of the organization is sustainable. Overview of Yemaya Adventures Literature review Definitions and Concept of Leisure, recreation and tourism   Leisure, recreation and tourism are generally viewed as key components in peoples lives (Lynch and Veal (1996). Outdoor recreation brings happiness to people as it gives recreational opportunities to them.   Leisure means various things to different people and therefore it consists of many definitions given by many researchers.   For instance, Fava (1964) stated that leisure is the time which an individual has free from work or other responsibilities and which may be used for the purpose of relaxation, diversion, or personal development.   In contrast, according to Godbey (1999), a leading researcher in the field of leisure education said that leisure is typically related with spare time or situations in which people have the luxury of choice.   Sylvester (1999) stated that, we must not neglect the fact that in ancient time, leisure was considered as a luxury and was affordable by affluent people only.   Recreation   The term recreation is originated from the Latin word of recreation and recreate which means to refresh and to restore (Edginton et al 1995). Examples of outdoor recreation involve: Visiting parks and natural areas. Visiting historical and archaeological sites. Outdoor concerts and festival. Golf and kite flying   Forest activities like wildlife safari, camping and tree climbing. Importance of Outdoor Recreation   Research has shown that outdoor recreation activities undoubtedly contribute positively to one health as well as well-being (Boniface, 2000; Dickson, Gray and Mann, 2008).   Through recreation activities, people get the opportunity to enjoy the natural environment if they are doing adventure activities, interact with other people (Berman and Davis-Berman, 2000). Moreover, study has illustrated that the way life alters with the loss of link which inevitably result to poor lifestyles (Godbey, Caldwell, Floyd and Payne 2005).   Nowadays, the new generation mainly children are more likely to be at risks than their parents.   Children currently have more possibilities of health problems, such as asthma, obesity, vitamin D deficiency since they have inactive lifestyle as well as lack of physical exercises (REFERENCE). Consequently, it may lead to cardiovascular, pulmonary and mental health problems in adulthood (REFRENCE).   Children from poor backgrounds are more likely to be away from green space as they have built environment such as bad housing condition, traffic congestion and so forth (REFERENCE). Today the world is connected with technological gadgets and children tends to stay more in front of their computers, television, playing video games and after school hours they need to complete their homework therefore youngsters miss the contact with the natural setting, they also miss the chance for stress reduction, healthy development, physical activity and restoration (REFERENCE). Benefits of Outdoor Recreation Economic benefits: Outdoor recreation economically benefits a country. For example, among all activities, bicycles are viewed as more sustainable compared to other activities and it brings over $ 81 billion into the American economy annually (Knight, 2012). Moreover, he also stated that bicycling also provide 770,000 direct jobs for people. Social Benefits Australian and International research stated that the notion of outdoor recreation participation is considered as an important facilitator of personal and community development. According to one Australian researcher, he said that outdoor recreation as a search for personally meaningful involvement (McIntyre 1992, p. 70). Lynch and Veal (1996), assert that outdoor recreation is highly beneficial to the local communities as it promotes physical health, psycho-social well-being, self-actualization, spirituality, family bonding, child development, self-identity, social skill development and environmental education. Social and psychological is beneficial in two ways. At first, during participation, people are more likely to experience the enjoyment with the activities that they have chosen its locality, its passion and personal satisfaction. Finally, after participation there is a change in the persons state of mind (Shreyer Driver 1990). For instance, there might be an increase in social responsibility through having a feeling of belonging to an outdoor recreation community and it also reduces stress. Environmental Benefits Those people involved in outdoor recreation tend to be more willing to preserve and conserve the environment, for example, they provide management strategies to reduce the negative environmental impacts. Participants who are motivated to help in conservation initiatives on a particular place which they love and feel attached. By doing so, this will surely establishes the environment and contributes to the environmental sustainability. Motivation for outdoor recreation   According to Iso-Ahola (1980), individuals are encouraged through defined objectives as well as rewards which can be either extrinsic or intrinsic.   When a particular activity is occupied in to acquire compensation, it is known as extrinsically motivated.   In contrast, intrinsically motivated is when a person is self motivated to achieve something or engaged in the activity for its own sake.  Ã‚   Moreover, Iso-Ahola thinks that leisure behavior is mainly caused by intrinsic aspects which are linked to self-expression, competence as well as agreement which implies freedom of choice.   Nevertheless, recreation choice should not be regarded as unlimited.   The ability for individual to choose from a range of recreational activities cannot be compromised due to the fact that individuals motivation to be indulged in a given outdoor recreation is projected in the selection made from various outdoor activities. Furthermore, choice is encircled by many pitfalls such as physical capability, affordability, awareness, time restrictions and family obligations.   These limitations differ among people and the demographic, socio-economic and other groups. Demand and Participation   Demand is an economic term used in order to illustrate the link that exists between the quantities of a good that people will buy as well as the prices that they will have to pay.   In other words, it refers to the ability and willingness to pay for a particular product.   The elements of demands are as follows:  Ã‚   1. Effective, expressed or actual demand is the actual number of participants, for instance it reflects the number of people that participate in countryside recreation. The number of people involved in such activity might be expressed per day or per year.  Ã‚   2. Latent or suppressed demand refers to unfulfilled demand.   Therefore, it is where an individuals desire to participate has not been fulfilled due to some reason.   But if the situation alters such a desire may ultimately become effective demand. However, such demand is not easy to quantify as it relies on peoples wishes and desires as well. When taking into account suppressed demand it can be emphasized that the latter gives rise to two elements namely: deferred demand and potential demand.   When reference is being made to deferred demand refers to demand that is unfulfilled due to a lack of amenities, for example, if a large number of people wish to go to the swimming pool but the problem is that if there is no swimming available then this want will be unfulfilled and demand will be postponed until a swimming pool is provided.   In contrast, potential demand is demand that is unfulfilled simply because there is a shortage of personal resources such as income or mobility. But, if there is an improvement in terms of personal situation it can undoubtedly be fulfilled in the future. 3. Lastly it can be said that there will be people who will surely prefer not to involve in recreational activities and this is known as no demand.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation can be classified into : > Demographic characteristics   > Socio-economic characteristics   > Situational characteristics   Demographic Characteristics   In terms of demographic characteristics there are several factors that affect the recreation preference and it includes age, sex, marital status and family diversity.   Research has shown that young male who are single are more likely to involve in outdoor recreation and even if they are married they are unwilling to have children (Booth, 1989; Genet 2001; Booth Peebles, 1995).   These participants are really interested in their education and they inevitably want to get well paid jobs. Socio -economic characteristics   Price   From an economists perspective, price is considered to be a key factor in determining price as customers decision but the price of leisure is complicated with regards to many other products.   For example, a normal product consists of a single price but while comparing it to the price of leisure activities it is different as it consists of separate elements such as the valid nature of the leisure, other price like costs of transport, parking, equipment, clothing and accommodation might be charged.  Ã‚   Economists stated that as leisure involves time, therefore the opportunity cost of that time in terms of its possible earning power should also be included in the list mentioned above.   According to Gratton and Taylor (1985) he argued that the price of a product affects demand in two different ways.   First and foremost, the average cost of participation which involves all types of costs such as entrance fee, equipment and so forth might affect demand in terms of decision making to involve in the activity.   Thus, the higher the average cost, the lower the participate rate.   Secondly, marginal cost is the cost that has an impact on the frequency of participation.   For example, in association with leisure activities there may be fixed costs involved like membership fee, buying of equipment and so on.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Income   Income can be viewed as a feature that enables people to buy a leisure product.   Research has shown that in the second half of the nineteenth century there has been a drastic change with regards to income growth. It was then that the development of mass leisure started and simultaneously there was a constant increase of income and this has definitely an impact on growth of leisure. Affluent people have always enjoyed their leisure; therefore it can be made crystal clear as income increases people will surely have more leisure. Situational characteristics   Time   Self-employed people generally have better control concerning their time plan and these people are more likely to have more leisure time.   Mobility   Car ownership has increased dramatically because the income of people has risen and cars are more affordable to buy and run.   If a person does not possess a vehicle, therefore he or she might be disadvantaged in terms of site, journey, timing and duration of the trip.  Ã‚   External factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation are: Recreational opportunity is highly dependent upon availability and accessibility of recreation sites.   Thus, the nature of recreation sites as well as availability will surely rely upon several things such as carrying capacity, ownership, distribution, quality, access and degree of development.   These reflect three important elements which consist of economic, behavioral and political.   Hence, it helps both private and public sectors in terms of good decision making with regards to recreation provision. While making decision to visit any particular recreational sites, accessibility is considered to be a key element in influencing participation.   Moreover, how crucial it is, as an element in decision making in influencing the what and where of recreation involvement is explained by Chubb and Chubb (1981:153) :   People participation will increase if all other external and personal factors support participants, however if the site is not accessible it might certainly be a problem. Recreation travel behavior   While going to any particular site for recreation, distance is really important and for most movement, a distance-decay effect can be known so that the power of interaction diminishes as distance increases.   In this context, if a recreational site consists of greater distance and involve more effort and time, might not be supported by participants.   But, not all activities are time consuming as it relies on the types of activities that one is taking part in.   The impact of longer distances will be negative to some extent as the more a person travel, he or might be tired and found it to be unpleasant.   On the other hand, such effect may be encouraging in situation where a person is travelling by cruise.   The latter may enjoy and the longer the distance the greater the desire to extend it. Recreation choice behavior Forecasting of recreation behavior would have been taken into account if more was known with regards to factors influencing decision-making to attitudes, motivations and perceptions.   This would be very helpful as it would explain: 1. Why some sites and activities are suitable;   2. Why some recreational firms are failures while others are satisfied by participants; 3. Why and how alternative recreation are ranked. The recreation alternative process is influenced by peoples perceptions of what recreational opportunities are available.  Ã‚   Natural environments as recreation settings   Driver et al. (1987) demonstrates that natural surroundings are really crucial in attaining the preferred result from leisure. Research conducted in Colorado have shown that participants like to enjoy mostly in nature, therefore, natural environment plays an integral role in achieving the result as well as satisfaction required from involvement in certain forms of recreation.   According to Kaplan and Kaplan (1989), participants satisfaction is associated with natural settings through integration mind and body in the leisure activity.   Hence, environmental aspect beyond doubt is considered to have a dominant influence on recreation behavior and this has first derived from gurus like Schreyer et al. (1985), he propose that the most helpful demonstration of the environment for the explanation of behavioral choice is considered as important.   They also stated that people are more likely to explore the natural environment location which will undoubtedly allow them to behave in the ways they wish and consequently this will enable them to achieve a desired cognitive state.   Thus, the theory that recreation experiences are closely linked to recreation location is fundamental with regards to the notion of the recreation opportunity spectrum. Outdoor recreation constraints: Since the past few decades, much research has been made on the constraints of outdoor recreation. Constraints are factors that limit peoples participation in leisure activities, peoples use of leisure services, or peoples enjoyment of current activities (Jackson Scott, 1999). As per Crawford, Jackson and Godbey (1993), there are three major types of constraints namely intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural. Intrapersonal constraints consist of the psychological characteristics of an individual that interact with personal preferences, thus the constraints that will affect personal preferences. For example, the self-esteem that an individual has or the perceived physical skills that he/she has. As for interpersonal constraints, they are the constraints which involve the interaction and relationship among individuals. For example, access to friends or relatives company for a particular recreation. Finally, structural constraints are those constraints that affect the participation of an individual in a particular leisure activity. Structural constraints intervene between the personal preferences of a person and that persons participation in the recreation activity. For example, the cost of participating in a leisure activity or the problems involved with the facilities for an outdoor recreation. Moreover as per the hierarchical model developed by Crawford, Jackson and Godbey (1993), more importance is assigned to the intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints and the structural constraints are considered as less important. This is so because people, while going through the participation decision-making process; there are constraints which will interact with motivations and preferences and thus shape the level of participation in the recreation or leisure activity. But however there are ways of negotiating through the constraints whereby people manage to participate in the recreation activities. Among the various constraints that exist, Jackson (1993), found that time was amongst the most important constraints as well as cost. As per the other researches made, it has also been noted that lack of money, transportation, and other structural items were factors contributing to constraint (Coyle Kinney, 1990; Kay Jackson, 1991; Samdahl Jekubovich, 1997; Williams Fidgeon, 2000). As for Walker and Virden (2004), they noted that constraints on time are the strongest ones, and the ones that are the most common in the various researches made. More recently, Jackson (2005) stressed the importance of understanding structural constraints, opining that no constraint or type of constraint is experienced with equal intensity by everyone, although time-related and cost-related constraints rank along with the most generally and strongly experienced inhibitors of the achievement of leisure goals and a balanced lifestyle Jackson (2005) also discussed the importance of recognizing that constraints may vary greatly across the different subgroups of the population, and across individuals. Most of the relevant studies (Alexandris Carroll, 1997; Jackson, 2005; Horna, 1989; Jackson Henderson, 1995) have come to the common conclusion that women face more intense leisure constraints than men, and this result mainly from lack of time. They tend to suggest that womens place within society, womens roles and responsibilities, often limit womens freedom of choice. Furthermore, lack of technical skills, private transportation and of financial resources are also experienced by women more intensely than men (Harahoussou, 1996; Harrington Dawson, 1995). Types of outdoor recreational activities Recreational activities fall under different categories which are mountain activities, forest activities, beach and sea activities and some more such as fresh water activities, aero activities, desert activities, family activities and cultural and historical activities. This is due to the fact that there are thousands of outdoor locations and different types of activities that can be done at different sites. Under each of these above mentioned categories there are different recreational activities that can be undertaken : * Mountain activities- trekking, rock climbing, mountain biking, motorbike expedition, skiing, snowboarding, ice climbing and canyoning * Forest activities- wildlife safari, camping, bird watching, elephant safari and tree climbing * Beach and sea activities- snorkeling, scuba diving, parasailing, boat fishing, wind surfing and water sports * Fresh water activities- angling, canoeing, white water rafting, water sports and sea kayaking * Aero activities- gliding and ballooning * Desert activities- camel safari and desert jeep safari * Family activities- theme park and safari park * Cultural and historical activities- indigenous culture, museum and metal detecting All these activities mentioned here, cannot be practiced everywhere. It depends on the destination if it can provide for such environment. There are activities which may fall under more than one category. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum: A recreation opportunity as the name implies, is the choice to participate in a preferred recreation activity within a preferred setting and to enjoy the desired experience. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) which was developed in the United States (Clark Stankey, 1979), is first of all a tool which is used to plan outdoor recreation so as to identify in which categories the activities fall. It is also a framework for recreational planning whereby the opportunities present for recreation are defined. The objective is to provide diverse recreational experiences and manage them simultaneously in conjunction with other needs for land use (Yamaki and Shoji, 2004).   The recreation opportunity spectrum that considers the diversity of recreation experience (Brown 1978, Buist 1982, Clark 1979, Driver 1978) will improve the utilization plan in this respect.   For instance, in Japan, the provision of people with recreational opportunities in a natural setting will add to the conservation of the natural landscape (Yamaki and Shoji, 2004). The recreational opportunity spectrum is important so as to be able to make provision for different types of activities in different types of settings for people with different tastes. There are three types of settings in the recreation opportunity spectrum namely: managerial, physical and social. The ROS Inventory characterizes and represents recreation opportunities as mixes or combinations of settings and probable experience opportunities arranged along a continuum or spectrum of ROS classes. The spectrum is set out in terms of seven ROS classes as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Primitive (P); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Roaded Modified (RM); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Semi-primitive Non-Motorized (SPNM); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rural (R); and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Semi-primitive Motorized (SPM); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Urban (U). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Roaded Natural (RN);2 The classes that make up this spectrum are differentiated from each other in terms of differing degrees or types of remoteness, naturalness and social experience as shown below. Water and Land Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (WALROS) The WALROS is an improvement of the Water Recreation Opportunity Spectrum which itself is sourced from the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. The WALROS is also a tool which helps planners to make better decisions but it lays much emphasis on water resources such as reservoirs, lakes, rivers, bays, estuaries, wetlands, major springs, coastal zones, and protected marine areas.As our recreation activity was kayaking, the WALROS is more appropriate than the ROS. The WALROS unlike the ROS has only six classes which are namely: Primitive Semi primitive Rural natural Rural developed Suburban Urban Primitive setting: A primitive WALROS area is a large expanse of natural resources far from development and settlement. Human activity is rare and seldom. The water resources and shorelines appear natural, showing little evidence of past human use. Management relies on visitor cooperation and stewardship, and management activities often focus on resource protection, restoration, and monitoring. A sense of remoteness, wildness, solitude, and self-reliance is dominant among visitors. Visitor comforts, conveniences, and concentrations are not appropriate to a primitive setting. Examples of primitive settings are large expanses of lands and waters that are miles from development and settlement. The settings are commonly designated as wild and scenic Rivers, backcountry lakes, headwaters, marine reserves or other types of protected areas. Semiprimitive setting: A semiprimitive WALROS area is a large expanse of natural resources that is far from any city or metropolitan area and a considerable distance from small communities or developments. Natural resources dominate the landscape. Development is minor, and human activity can merely be sensed. However, a semiprimitive setting may include evidence of human activity such as distant farming operations, powerlines, livestock, small buildings, old roadways, historic structures, and historic logging or mining. These water resources are often within large expanses of public lands and waters. Management, in the form of patrols, facilities, and signage, is seldom noticeable and the visitors are expected to have their own equipment and skills enabling navigation and enjoyment of this setting. Visitors desire a sense of tranquility and an escape from their daily routine. Facilities are rural and blend well into the setting. Resource protection is highly important. The opportunit y for visitors to sense nature is widespread. Visitors sense solitude and remoteness. Examples of semiprimitive settings are large expanses of State lands and waters that are commonly designated as wild and scenic rivers. Rural natural setting: A rural natural WALROS area is a considerable distance from metropolitan areas and communities. Natural features are predominant on the landscape, and the presence of development is occasional or infrequent. Agriculture, tourism, and outdoor recreation are often primary industries. Many rural natural areas are large enclaves of public lands and waters. Natural resources dominate the landscape. The sights, sounds, and smells of development are infrequent. Natural-looking settings border the water resources. Water controls or other structures are occasional along the shoreline. Management is occasionally noticeable in the form of patrols, facilities, signage and full services. Visitors desire a sense of tranquility and escape from their daily routine. Opportunity for visitors to sense nature is prevalent as are occasions to enjoy periods of solitude. Recreation use, diversity, socialization, concentration, sense of security, and conveniences are periodic and occa sional. Examples of rural natural areas include unincorporated rural areas with secondary and unpaved roads, single residences, farms and ranches, rural county, small stores and fuel services stations, and areas bordering or surrounded by large expanses of public lands and waters. Rural developed setting: A rural developed WALROS area is beyond a metropolitan area and the suburban ring of development. Rural developed areas may contain working farms, ranches, and towns. In this setting, primary road networks are common. Although development will be prevalent and common, the setting has a rural sense because of a scattering of forests, water resources, hills, valleys, wetlands, open spaces, and agricultural lands. Naturally appearing shoreline edges are common, although various water controls or other structures are also common. Recreation management is prevalent and common but not as extensive as in an urban setting (e.g., personnel, rules, facilities, signs, services, conveniences, security). Recreation use, diversity, socialization, concentration, sense of security, and conveniences are less common than in a developed suburban or urban setting. The sights, sounds, and smells of recreation and non-recreation use are common, yet interspersed with locations and times when the urbanized visitor may experience a sense of tranquility and escape from everyday challenges. Examples of rural developed areas include areas with country estates, second homes and cabins, dams, power stations, primary and secondary roads, communication lines, resorts, marinas, small communities, full service campgrounds, farms and small commercial and industrial establishments. Suburban setting: A suburban WALROS area is on the fringe of the urban area. The sights of development and built structures are widespread. The built environment tends to be commercial and residential. The sights of commerce and everyday living are very obvious and prevalent. Natural-appearing settings can be found in community parks, greenways, trails, open space, natural areas and tidal marshes. The water resources tend to be highly channelized or altered to contain large fluctuations in water flow and for the protection of public safety and property. Recreation management is prevalent (e.g., personnel, rules, facilities, signs, services, conveniences, security). Recreation use, diversity, socialization, concentration, sense of security, and conveniences are also prevalent and obvious. The sights, sounds, and smells of recreation and non-recreation use (e.g., municipal, industrial, residential) are obvious but not dominant in a suburban setting. Examples of suburban WALROS areas ca n be found on the outer edges of most metropolitan areas in the United States and include parks, and trail systems. Urban setting: An urban WALROS area can be found in extensively developed and populated cities and metropolitan spaces where virtually the entire landscape contains manmade structures. Municipal, industrial, commercial, and residential land uses dominate, and the sights are typical of a city environment. Natural features may be found in small neighborhood parks, commercial courtyards, streetscapes, residential gardens, or landscaping. The water resources tend to be highly channelized, manipulated, or altered to contain large fluctuations in water flow and to protect public safety and property. Management presence is common and obvious (e.g., personnel, rules, facilities, sig